國家地理（二）

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:16

Photo Gallery: Minerals
Mineral deposits add color to the landscape. Minerals have existed since the very beginnings of the Earth, forming as our planet cooled. Many form deep beneath the Earth's surface, but some are found on the surface.
Photograph by Thinkstock/Corbis
意译：矿石图片画廊。矿藏添加色彩的景观。矿物存在因为一开始的地球，形成了因为我们这个星球冷却。许多构造在地球表面的深下方，但有一些发现在表面上。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:16

Photo Gallery: Minerals
Azurite crystals from Arizona seem to pulse with color. The mineral azurite—a copper ore—consists of blue basic carbonate. Azurite's brilliant color adds to its popularity in creating semiprecious stones.
Photograph by Steve Hamblin/Alamy
意译：矿石图片画廊。蓝铜矿晶体从亚利桑那州似乎脉搏同颜色。矿产蓝铜矿――铜矿石构成的蓝色基本碳酸盐。蓝铜矿辉煌的色彩加重其声望在创造准宝石石块。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:16

Photo Gallery: Minerals
Mineral deposits in Lechuguilla Cave take on fantastical forms in Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New Mexico. Stalactites of calcite and a small aragonite formation appear as if in a magical backdrop. Calcite and aragonite are the two crystal forms of calcium carbonate, a property of minerals geologists call dimorphism. Their crystal structure sets them apart: calcite forms hexagons and aragonite forms rhombohedrons.
Photograph by Michael Nichols
意译：矿石图片画廊。矿藏在lechuguilla洞穴采取对舞蹈形式，在卡尔斯巴德溶洞国家公园，新墨西哥。钟乳石方解石和少量文石的形成出现，如果在一个魔幻的背景。方解石和文石是两个晶体形式的碳酸钙，财产的矿物地质学家呼吁二重性。其晶体结构使它们除了：方解石形式六边形和文石形式的菱面体。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:17

Photo Gallery: Minerals
Mammoth Cave in Kentucky contains gypsum formations that mimic flowers. The mineral gypsum contains calcium sulfate (calcium, sulfur, oxygen) and water. The gypsum precipitates out of water in the cave, creating these subterranean forms over time.
Photograph by Tom Uhlman/Alamy
意译：矿石图片画廊。庞大的洞穴在肯塔基含有石膏地层模仿鲜花。矿产石膏含有硫酸钙（钙，硫，氧）和水。石膏沉淀出来的水在洞窟，创造这些地下形式随着时间的推移。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:17

Photo Gallery: Minerals
With geometric precision, a Maryland mining operation works to extract minerals. Mining takes place on the Earth's surface, as seen here, as well as underground. While technology has improved mining technology, there are still human and environmental costs involved.
Photograph by Thinkstock/ Corbis
意译：矿石图片画廊。与几何精度，马里兰采矿作业工程，以提取矿物。采矿发生于地球表面的，因为在这里看到的，以及地下。虽然技术有所改善采矿技术，还存在着人类和环境的成本。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:17

Photo Gallery: Minerals
The needle-like crystals of this mesolite deposit from India give it a dandelion's form. Its crystalline structure formed inside a bubble of volcanic gas as igneous rock cooled. Mesolite's many striking crystal formations make it a popular mineral for collectors.
Photograph by Natural History Museum/Alamy
意译：矿石图片画廊。该针状晶体，这mesolite沉淀物从印度给它一个蒲公英的形式。其结晶结构内部形成了一个泡沫的火山气体作为火成岩冷却。 mesolite的许多惊人的晶体形态，使之成为受欢迎的矿产对于收藏家。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:17

Photo Gallery: Minerals
A starburst or red tourmaline stands out against its white surroundings. Tourmaline is the name for a group of related minerals; red tourmaline also can be called rubellite. Semiprecious gemstones, tourmalines belong to a family of borosilicate minerals. They come in a range of colors from red to black and are found from Madagascar to Maine.
Photograph by Scott Camazine/Alamy
意译：矿石图片画廊。一个像星爆发或红电气石脱颖而出针对其白色的环境。电气石是名字为一组相关的矿物;红色电气石，也可以称作是红电气石。次珍贵的宝石经雕刻的宝石，电气石属于一个家庭的硼硅酸盐矿物。他们在一系列的颜色由红变黑，并发现从马达加斯加到缅因州。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:18

Photo Gallery: Minerals
The seeming disorder of calcite highlights the geometric precision of fluorite. Both minerals can be found throughout the world and form coarse-sized crystals. The difference in the crystal structures between these two minerals offers an idea of the diversity of crystalline forms.
Photograph by bildagentur-online.com/th-foto/Alamy
意译：矿石图片画廊。表面紊乱方解石突出几何精度的萤石。两者矿物质，可以发现在整个世界，形成粗糙的大小型晶体。这些差异在晶体结构这两者之间矿物提供了一个想法的多样性水晶的形式。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:18

Photo Gallery: Minerals
Malachite from a Zambian mine seems to take the form of rounded peas. Found in deposits of copper ore, malachite gets its name from the Greek word for its leafy green color, which can range from light to dark green. The mineral malachite contains the elements copper, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen.
Photograph by GC Minerals/Alamy
意译：矿石图片画廊。孔雀石来自一个赞比亚矿似呼它的构成是园的豌豆。寻找它在铜矿石的沉淀物，孔雀石得到它的名字从希腊文字因为它的叶状绿色，那可以从光亮到黑绿色。孔雀石包含基础是铜，氢，碳，和氧。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:18

Photo of the Day
March 23, 2008
Cloud-Shrouded Skyline, Chicago, 1978
Photograph by Steve Raymer
A blanket of clouds shrouds the Chicago skyline in the metropolis that poet Carl Sandburg dubbed "the city of the big shoulders."
The "stormy, husky, brawling" Chicago of Sandburg doubled and tripled in population after 1850. It saw the first skyscraper rise in 1885 and the tallest in 1974. Once known for its meatpacking industry, the city today runs on finance, shipping, and iron and steelworks.
(Photo shot on assignment for, but not published in, "Chicago!" April 1978, National Geographic magazine)
意译：主标题：云层笼罩天际，芝加哥，1978年。
一片像毛毯似的云层笼罩芝加哥天际，在大都市的诗人卡尔称之为“城市大的肩膀”。 “那风雨飘摇，嘶哑的，喧闹的 ”芝加哥的Sandburg自1850年后人口增加两倍和三倍。 1885年在那里看到了第一摩天大楼升起，最高的在1974年。曾经被称为著名的肉类加工产业，全市今天运行在金融，航运和钢铁厂。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:18

Broughton Islands, Australia, 1994
Photograph by James L. Stanfield
Buzzing Aussie isles, pilots Peter McMillan and Lang Kidby are in the home stretch of their England-to-Australia flight in a replica Vickers Vimy biplane. In 1919 a Vimy made history by flying the same route and winning the Great London-to-Australia Air Derby.
意译：Broughton岛屿，澳大利亚，1994年。
逼近澳大利亚的小岛，飞行员彼得?麦克米伦和Lang Kidby是从他们的家园英格兰到澳大利亚飞行在一架复制品Vimy双翼飞机。在1919年一架Vimy双翼飞机创造历史飞行那相同路线并且赢得了伟大的伦敦到澳大利亚飞行奖章。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:19

Photo Gallery: France's Gothic Revolution
French builders of the 1100s first dared to fashion heaven's image in soaring cathedrals of stone. Entrances were through portals worthy of paradise, and the sanctuary was charged with light pressed through glass tapestries radiant with faith.
The Gothic building boom reflected an era of growing power for the monarchy, the cities, and the bourgeoisie, and the cathedrals expressed civic pride fully as much as ecclesiastical glory.
— From "The Gothic Revolution," July 1989, National Geographic magazine
Photograph by James L. Stanfield
意译：法国哥特式革命。法语建设者的1100年代首先敢于时装天堂的形象飙升的大教堂的石头。入口通过门户有价值的天堂，和那避难所是充满感情的用轻按下透过玻璃挂毯辐射与信仰。
哥特式建筑繁荣反映了一个时代的力量日益强大，为君主立宪制，城市和资产阶级，那大教堂表达了公民尊严充分地越来越多的教会的光荣。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:19

Photo Gallery: France's Gothic Revolution
Flying buttresses were constructed of vertical masonry piers with arches curving out from them like fingers. The fingers pressed against remnant wall sections between the great windows. The function of buttresses was to absorb thrust from the main body of the church, a serious threat to the structure during high winds.
With time, systems tended to become less massive and more fanciful. At the Cathedral of Saint-Julien in Le Mans, buttresses came in clusters of three, interlocked in a Y shape when seen from above.
意译：法国哥特式革命。飞行支墩建造垂直砌筑桥墩的拱形弧线，从他们喜欢的手指。手指压残壁路段之间的巨大窗口。支墩的功能被吸收推力从教会的主要部分，严重威胁到结构是在强风期间。
随着时间的推移，系统结构趋于减少大规模和更多的幻想。在大教堂的圣朱利安在勒芒，支持物来自3个群，联锁成一个Y形当你从上面看的时候。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:19

Photo Gallery: France's Gothic Revolution
Tallest nave in a French Gothic cathedral, the vaults of Amiens rise 139 feet [42 meters]. Commenced in A.D. 1220 by Robert de Luzarches, the nave took 16 years to complete.
The city of Amiens was a commune, a status conveying municipal independence under the feudal system. By definition the seat of a bishop, cathedrals were built with funds often donated largely by nobles and merchants. At Amiens merchant wealth came from two main sources: wind and woad, a plant used to make a blue dye popular throughout Europe.
意译：法国哥特式革命。高殿在一家法国的哥特式教堂，拱顶亚眠（注：法国北部城市）崛起139英尺[ 42米] 。在公元1220名，由罗伯特德luzarches ，中央广场用了16年时间完成。城市亚眠是一个公社，一个情形传达市政的地方的独立在封建制度时期。根据定义所在地的主教，大教堂建设资金往往捐献，主要是由贵族和商人。在亚眠商人的财富来自两个主要来源：风和woad ，一种植物用来制造蓝色染料流行整个欧洲。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:19

Photo Gallery: France's Gothic Revolution
The most colossal church of its generation, the [Cathedral of Notre Dame] was the first to employ flying buttresses as part of its original design, although those earliest examples are not visible in this distant view.
As the first cathedral to make use of a full Gothic vocabulary梖lying buttresses, rose and other windows of stained glass, pointed arches, and rub vaulting桸otre Dame anchored a style both distinctively French and truly novel.
意译：法国哥特式革命。最庞大的教会的一代人，那大教堂的圣母是第一个聘请飞行支墩作为其原有的设计，虽然那些最早的例子是不可见的，在这个遥远的看法。
作为第一大教堂要利用一个完整的哥特式词汇支墩，玫瑰和其它窗口的彩色玻璃，尖拱，园屋顶――圣母院锚一种风格两者都区别地法语和真正的新奇的。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:20

Photo Gallery: Petra, Jordan
Reclining on a rooftop carved two millennia ago, a Bedouin surveys the realm of the Nabataeans, whose ancient capital beckons from the sands of southern Jordan. Forgotten for centuries, Petra still echoes with mysteries of the past; this immense building, Al Deir (the Monastery), was probably a Nabataean shrine.
意译：佩特拉，约旦图片。放置在屋顶雕刻两千年前，一个贝都因人调查的境界纳巴泰人，其古都昭示着来自沙子的约旦南部。忘记几个世纪以来，佩特拉仍回响与奥秘的过去，这一巨大的建设，Al Deir修道院，可能是一个纳巴泰的神社。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:20

Photo Gallery: Petra, Jordan
A crossroads for the caravan trade, Petra prospered and built a modest empire. By A.D. 106, when Rome annexed it and expanded a Nabataean theater carved from its cliffs, 30,000 lived in the city.
意译：佩特拉，约旦图片。一个十字路口，为商队贸易，佩特拉欣欣向荣，并建立了一个温和的帝国。由公元106年，当罗马并吞，并延伸了纳巴泰剧院，其峭壁有雕刻， 30000名居住在城市里。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:20

Photo Gallery: Petra, Jordan
Petra抯 heyday ended when the Romans rerouted trade in the second century A.D., sending the city into a long decline. In a fifth-century Byzantine church archaeologists found detailed mosaics.
意译：佩特拉，约旦图片。佩特拉的鼎盛时期结束时，罗马人改为贸易，在公元二世纪，把城市变成一个长期衰落。在第五个世纪的拜占庭式教堂考古学家在那里发现详细的镶嵌图案。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:21

Photo Gallery: Petra, Jordan
Imhiylah al-Bedoul prepares a meal in the Petra backcountry, where her family spends the summer tending goats, using water from a Nabataean cistern. A lifelong resident of Petra, she raised six of her ten children in a cave near the city center. But after the city was made a world heritage site in 1985, the government moved the thousand-member Bedoul tribe to Umm Sayhun, a village of cinder-block houses.
意译：佩特拉，约旦图片。Imhiylah al-bedoul准备一餐饭在佩特拉穷乡僻壤，而她的家人花费夏季抚育山羊，利用水从纳巴泰水池。一个终身居驻地佩特拉，她提出了六条她的10个孩子在一个山洞靠近市中心。但是，1985年当城市被作为一个世界遗产地，政府在提出了迁居1000人组成的bedoul部落乌姆盖斯尔sayhun，村子是由一个煤渣石块的房子。

世人皆醉 · 发表于 2009-4-30 12:21

Photo Gallery: Petra, Jordan
Lookouts on a ledge, Bedouins watch as a group of tourists admire Al Khazneh (the Treasury), whose function in Nabataean times is still unknown. Spurred by Jordan抯 peace treaty with Israel, tourism to Petra is up tenfold since 1991, boosting the economy but raising concerns about preservation.
意译：佩特拉，约旦图片。了望在一个壁架，贝都因人看着一群游客赞美Al khazneh （国库），其功能纳巴泰时间仍是未知之数。伴随着约旦的和平谈判和以色列，旅游，以佩特拉高了十倍，自1991年以来，对经济的拉动，但提高的忧虑保存。

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